Friday, February 28, 2014

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Beautiful Mouse Brain Map Holds Clues to Neurological Disease

Glowing new images of the mouse brain represent the most comprehensive mapping yet of the mammalian cortex. The project is important because the mouse brain is structured basically like other mammal brains — including humans', said study leader Hong-Wei Dong, a neuroscientist at the University of Southern California.


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Japan Launches Next-Generation NASA Satellite to Track Rain & Snow

NASA's newest weather satellite soared into space today (Feb. 27), kicking off a mission to observe rainfall and snowfall around the globe in unprecedented detail. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory, a joint effort between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), blasted off aboard an H-2A rocket from Japan's Tanegashima Space Center today at 1:37 p.m. EST (1837 GMT; GPM will deliver near real-time observations of precipitation every three hours all over the world, greatly improving scientists' understanding of climate change and the global water cycle, mission officials said.  [NASA's Rain-Watching GPM Satellite Mission in Pictures (Gallery)] "This is going to provide us the most accurate and advanced precipitation measurements to date from NASA satellites," Gail Skofronick-Jackson, GPM project scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., said during a press briefing last month.


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Humans May Have Been Stuck on Bering Strait for 10,000 Years

The ancestors of Native Americans may have lived on and around the Bering Strait for about 10,000 years before streaming into the Americas, researchers argue. In the new Perspectives article, published today (Feb. 27) in the journal Science, the researchers compile existing data to support the idea, known as the Beringia standstill hypothesis. Among that evidence is genetic data showing that founding populations of Native Americans diverged from their Asian ancestors more than 25,000 years ago. In addition, land in the region of the Bering Strait teemed with grasses to support big game (for food) and woody shrubs to burn in the cold climate, supporting a hard-scrabble existence for ancient people.


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Winds from Black Holes Pack Surprisingly Strong Punch

Black holes can blast their surroundings with much stronger winds than previously thought, scientists say. The discovery will help better model the evolution of black holes over time, and help uncover the huge influence they can have on their host galaxies. Black holes are objects with gravitational pulls so powerful, not even light can escape. Black holes grow when gas and dust in space flows or accretes onto them — this matter gets so hot it glows hot with radiation such as X-rays.


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Male Goat's 'Goaty' Pheromone Puts Females in the Mood

New research has identified a pheromone in the hair of male goats that activates a hormone in female goats called gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which stimulates their reproductive systems. This was our first surprise," study author Yukari Takeuchi, of the University of Tokyo, said in a statement. Researchers knew for a long time that in sheep and goats, the males somehow stimulated the release of reproductive hormones in females, but now the new study has identified the actual compound at work, said John J. McGlone, a Texas Tech University professor, who was not involved in the study. "When there is a pheromone in one species, what we are learning is that it often has effects on other species."

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Global warming slowdown likely to be brief: U.S., UK science bodies

By Alister Doyle, Environment Correspondent OSLO (Reuters) - A slowdown in the pace of global warming so far this century is likely to be only a pause in a longer-term trend of rising temperatures, the science academies of the United States and Britain said on Thursday. Since an exceptionally warm 1998, there has been "a short-term slowdown in the warming of Earth's surface," Britain's Royal Society and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences said in a report. But, they said, that "does not invalidate our understanding of long-term changes in global temperature arising from human-induced changes in greenhouse gases." The warming slowdown has emboldened those who question the evidence about climate change and ask whether a shift in investments towards renewable energies such as wind and solar power, advocated by many experts, is really needed. A build-up of greenhouse gases from human activities, mainly the burning of fossil fuels, is warming the atmosphere and the oceans, raising sea levels and melting Arctic ice, the report said, supporting the long-held view of a U.N. panel of climate scientists.

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How New Nutrition Labels Could Change Your Food

The U.S. government's proposed changes to nutrition labels are an important and positive step, and could even spur food companies to give consumers healthier options, but the changes are only part of what's needed to stem the obesity epidemic, public health experts say. Today (Feb. 27), the Food and Drug Administration announced plans to update nutrition labels to better reflect the latest nutrition science, and the growing understanding of the link between diet and chronic diseases, the agency said. The proposal comes as a growing number of Americans say they read nutrition labels. About 54 percent of U.S. consumers said they read these labels "often" in 2008, up from 44 percent in 2002, according to FDA statistics.

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NASA oversight led to spacewalker's near drowning, panel finds

By Irene Klotz CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida (Reuters) - A panel investigating an astronaut's near drowning during a spacewalk outside the International Space Station in July found that his spacesuit leaked during an earlier outing, officials said on Wednesday. NASA misdiagnosed the earlier leak, believing the water found in the helmet of Italian astronaut Luca Parmitano on July 9 was due to a ruptured drink bag, said space station chief engineer Chris Hansen, who chaired an investigation panel appointed by the U.S. space agency. Instead, a week later on July 16, Parmitano and NASA astronaut Chris Cassidy put on their spacesuits to continue work outside the space station, a $100 billion research complex that flies about 260 miles above Earth.


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Dressed for Success? Harvard Researcher Says You May Doing It Wrong

A recent study co-authored by Harvard University doctoral student Silvia Bellezza, suggested that people who go out on a limb with their clothing selections at work or in job interviews have the potential to appear more successful. Business News Daily recently reported on Bellezza's findings. Resistance to conformity pressures can take distinct forms across individuals. Of particular relevance to our work is Tian, Bearden and Hunter's (2001) conceptualization, which suggests that people exhibit three main behavioral manifestations of nonconformity.

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NASA Mars Probe Snaps Stunning Photo of Red Planet Sand Dunes

NASA'S Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft has sent over 200 terabits of data back to Earth. (1 terabit = 1000 gigabits.)


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Top Secret: Boeing Unveils Secure Smartphone That Can 'Self-Destruct'

Taking cues from "Mission Impossible," aerospace giant Boeing is developing a highly secure, self-destructing smartphone that can encrypt calls, protect stored information, or, if someone tries to tamper with or open the phone's casing, delete all of the device's data. The so-called Boeing Black is the Chicago-based company's first push into the realm of secure smartphones. Plans were filed this week with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), but Boeing is releasing few details publicly about the device. The Boeing Black measures 5.2 inches (13 centimeters) tall, making it a bit larger and roughly 50 percent heavier than Apple's iPhone 5, reported the Wall Street Journal (WSJ).


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Stethoscopes More Contaminated Than Doctors' Hands

Stethoscopes tend to be more contaminated than the palms of physicians' hands, new research shows. In a recent Swiss study, researchers discovered that more bacteria cover a stethoscope's diaphragm (the part that's held against a patient's body) than all regions of a physician's hands, except the fingertips. There are no official guidelines that tell doctors how often they should clean their stethoscopes, the researchers said. "The more you have bacteria on the fingertips, the more you find bacteria on the membrane of the stethoscope," said study author Dr. Didier Pittet, director of infection control at the University of Geneva Hospitals.

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Experimental Psoriasis Treatment Shows Promise

The chronic skin condition psoriasis could be treated with a compound that targets a small piece of genetic material in cells, new research in animals suggests. Researchers found that blocking a type of genetic material called micro-RNA lowered the inflammation in mice that were grafted with skin from people with psoriasis. Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease (in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues), and is one of the most common skin conditions worldwide, affecting about 3 percent of the human population. According to the National Psoriasis Foundation, the condition affects about 7.5 million Americans, including celebrities such as Kim Kardashian and country singer LeAnn Rimes.

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High-Tech Exosuit Lets Scientist Divers Explore Underwater Canyons

Remember that scene in "Aliens" where Sigourney Weaver's Ellen Ripley dons a Power Loader exoskeleton to do battle with the evil alien queen? Marine biologists and engineers have now developed a massive Exosuit weighing 530 lbs. (240 kilograms) designed for ocean depths down to 1,000 feet (305 meters) — another extreme environment where no one can hear you scream.  The one-of-a-kind Exosuit, on display at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) now through March 5, measures 6.5 feet (2 meters) tall and is made of hard metal and other materials.


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Juvenile Seal Returns to the Sea After Month in Rehab (Video)

BIDDEFORD, Maine — Bitterly-cold whipping winds and near-freezing water temperatures didn't slow this juvenile harp seal named "Snow" down as he chugged along the beach and back into the Gulf of Maine Wednesday (Feb. 26) after a month-long stay at nearby rehabilitation facilities. Members of the local nonprofit group Marine Mammals of Maine found the critically dehydrated young seal lying on a frozen marsh, and notified staff at the Marine Animal Rehabilitation Center (MARC) at the University of New England in Biddeford, Maine who took him in to be treated on Jan. 28. The animals stay at the center until they regain their strength, which can take anywhere from several weeks to several months depending on their health conditions, Shannon Prendiville, senior animal care technician at MARC, told Live Science.


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Medieval Candelabra Hints at Forgotten Sea Routes

A 10th-century candelabra found off the coast of the Spanish island of Ibiza may be a clue to long-forgotten shipping routes in that era.


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